Oct 11, 2025 · 2.Polybius, the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama (March 2021). In this paper I discuss some plausible links in the historiography of the three spies` stories and attempt to identify …

Mar 19, 2023 · It's the translation by the Classical scholar Robin Waterfield (Robin Waterfield - Wikipedia), this is a review of his translation of Polybius (Polybius, The Histories.

Apr 3, 2022 · Polybius points this out when giving his final thoughts on the First Punic War (1.63-64): 'It had lasted without a break for twenty-four years and is the longest, most unintermittent, and greatest …

Oct 11, 2025 · Livy’s re-narrativising of Polybius can be fascinating; he recast history as a moral and national story that the Augustan-era gentry clearly loved. Appian, too, describes the main battle in …

Aug 22, 2019 · Can anyone recommend the best English translations of the Roman historians: Livy, Sallust, Suetonius, Tacitus, Cassius Dio, Plutarch, Polybius, Diodorus Siculus, Columella? I am …

Dec 2, 2020 · I am curious to know why some nations develop an socially elite/aristocratic warrior class, like European knights or Japanese samurai, while other do not. Knights and Samurai were expected …

Polybius is the go-to man for this question. Not only did he live during an era where a Roman legion facing a Macedonian phalanx still fell under the category of "current events," he had first hand …

Jan 25, 2012 · Polybius estimates the number at 70,000 foot and 4000 horse, while Livy gives a figure of 50,000 foot and 4500 horse. Whatever the figures, Scipio was likely outnumbered – his force …

Apr 8, 2017 · Polybius (III,33-38) describes the large forces Hannibal left in Spain, sent to defend North Africa, left with Hanno between the Ebro River and the Pyrenees; and says he crossed the Pyrenees …

Jun 20, 2025 · Polybius (10.37.4) states that prior to the battle Hasdrubal decided that if he defeated Scipio he would contemplate his next move, while if he lost he would gather as many survivors as he …