Most of us have heard the weather proverb “red skies at night, sailors delight; red skies at morning, sailors take warning.” I certainly enjoy watching a beautiful red sunset, but for those of us in ...

In both the natural world and human society, there commonly exist complex systems such as climate systems, ecological systems, and network systems. Due to the involvement of numerous interacting ...

Scattering in media has unique inherent randomness. Fiber Rayleigh scattering is one of the typical scattering effects. The exploration and understanding of the characteristics of fiber Rayleigh ...

A macromolecule is a very large molecule of high molecular weight and is made up of smaller subunits known as monomers. The majority of common macromolecules include synthetic and natural polymers, ...