TRIP steels have a microstructure consisting of at least five volume percent of retained austenite, which is embedded in a primary ferrite matrix. The microstructure also contains hard phases like ...

DP steels contain islands of hard martensitic second phase in a ferritic matrix. Steel strength improves when the volume fraction of hard second phases increases. The formation of DP steels involves ...

• Martensitic stainless steels are strong, wear resistant, and cost less than other stainless-steel grades. • Controlling weld cooling with induction heating minimizes fusion and heat-affected zone ...

This article was updated April 26, 2023. It was originally published Oct. 12, 2018. Heat treatments let engineers and metallurgists tailor the properties of metal parts so that they are a better fit ...