When a patient presents with chest pain, follow this doctor’s guidelines to quickly reach an accurate diagnosis and initiate life-saving treatment. For some time, cardiologists have called MIs and ...

It is well known that non-cardiac chest pain is closely related to gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). Chest pain of esophageal origin can be difficult to distinguish from that caused by cardiac ...

Prinzmetal’s angina — also known as variant angina or angina inversa — occurs with coronary artery vasospasm resulting in myocardial ischemia. The smooth muscle in the coronary wall contracts without ...

Chest pain is one of the most common indicators that your heart isn't functioning properly. If you feel cramping, pressure, or pinching that makes you wince, it could be angina. Here's what you need ...

Dear K.O.S.: That’s an excellent question. Vasospastic angina, also called variant angina or Prinzmetal angina, is caused by spasmodic constriction of the artery, often with blockages, but sometimes ...