A wide range of taxa respond to perceived predation risk (PPR) through inducible defenses, and many prey are capable of responding both behaviorally and morphologically to the same risk event. In ...
With 8.2 billion people in the world, cities are constantly expanding, rapidly altering the environment. Animals that undergo complete metamorphosis, such as frogs, may face bigger challenges as they ...
The evolution of defensive coloration is dependent upon a complex combination of variables related to the prey itself, the environmental context, and predator vision/behavior. Some animals reflect ...
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