In a previous article, I discussed LEDs in general and their properties. In this write-up, I want to give some examples of driving LEDs and comparing a few of the most commonly used methods. There is ...

LEDs for lighting are found anywhere from DIY IoT modules to commercial lighting applications and the cabins of airplanes. To run properly, these critical lighting devices require a precise balance of ...

One of the questions that hobbyists ask over and over is how to select the value of a current limiting resistor for an LED. Usually the seat of the pants response is: “Subtract 2 V from the supply ...

Fig 1. This voltage regulator circuit (a) uses green LEDs as both the stabilization elements and as the voltage indicators at the front-panel switch (b). Fig 2. The addition of resistor R4 to the ...