In order for an op amp to output a linear voltage, the input signal must be within the device’s input common-mode range specification (V CM) and the output must be within the device’s output swing ...

In the past, the term instrumentation amplifier (INA) was often misused, referring to the application rather than the device’s architecture. INAs are related to op amps, in that they’re based on the ...

In today’s information-driven society, there’s an ever-increasing preference to measure phenomena such as temperature, pressure, light, force, voltage and current. These measurements can be used in a ...

In the first article about measurement systems we looked at sensors as a way to bring data into a measurement system. I explained that a sensor measures physical quantities which are turned into a ...