Early impairment of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA)-related immunity was associated with the later development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in lung transplant recipients; decreased ...

Butyrate enhances Tfh cell function, promoting B cell–driven IgA antibody production and strengthening mucosal immune defense against intestinal pathogens such as Salmonella. In summary, the pathway ...

Most vaccines — and boosters — are injected directly into muscle tissue, usually in the upper arm, to kickstart the body’s immune system in the fight against disease. But for respiratory diseases like ...

A new study led by University of Toronto researchers has shown that immune cells in the gut follow an atypical pathway to produce antibodies that provide long-term protection against viruses. The ...