Trophic levels Organisms are grouped into categories called trophic levels. Trophic levels describe the various stages within ecological food chains or webs. These levels are usually divided into ...

Forever chemicals or PFAS double in concentration as they move up the food chain, increasing risks for top predators.

Predators typically are larger than their prey, and consequently, trophic level should increase with body size. Whereas this relationship has helped in developing predictions about food web structure ...