Studies axioms, counting formulas, conditional probability, independence, random variables, continuous and discrete distribution, expectation, moment generating functions, law of large numbers, ...

Explain why probability is important to statistics and data science. See the relationship between conditional and independent events in a statistical experiment. Calculate the expectation and variance ...

"Yes or no: was there once life on Mars?" I can't say. "What about intelligent life?"' That seems most unlikely, but again, I can't really say. The simple yes-or-no framework has no place for shadings ...

Probability is the theory that allows us to make an inference from a sample to a population. It provides the mathematical and theoretical basis for quantifying uncertainty. Probability is also used ...

a priori Probability: the probability that we determine from knowing the process by which the uncertain event happens (by logically examining existing information). Certain Event: event that is sure ...